This is an academic paper that provides a broad framework to better understand the multivariable and complex drivers of the opioid crisis that can lead to better informed interventions and policy solutions. The paper uses the socio-ecological model, which goes beyond the individual and looks at interpersonal, community, and societal influences. 

This is a white paper from Gallagher that serves as an educational document for employers to proactively address opioid misuse in the workplace, primarily through educating the workforce, enacting the right policies, and managing benefits. 

This is a report from the Opioid Response Network that discusses the importance of social determinants of health (SDOH) in the progression of opioid use disorder (OUD) and the role that SDOH are playing among those with OUD in the coronavirus pandemic. Recommendations are made targeting both individuals and organizations. 

This is a 2017 Congressional Research Service report describing which federal agencies are funding opioid-related programs.

This mapping tool provides a geographic view of opioid prescriptions and other indicators in the United States. This allows for a better comparison to be made between different states and counties and their respective rates of opioid prescriptions and opioid overdoses. 

This is an article in the Health Affairs Blog that summarizes national and state strategies to address the opioid crisis and describe further reforms needed to tailor these efforts to teens and young adults, mostly related to payment and delivery reform. 

This is a report from the National Congress of American Indians Policy Research Center targeting the impact of the opioid crisis on American Indians and Alaskan Natives (AI/AN). The complicated nature of the opioid crisis is discussed and potential solutions are made in this document. 

This report from Johns Hopkins contains specific, proven recommendations for how to most effectively combat the opioid crisis –from allowing physicians to more effectively treat those suffering from addiction; to expanding coverage and accessibility of opioid overdose reversal drugs like naloxone; to changing the way that health care professionals, employers, and advocates talk about addiction to reduce stigma.

This brief from the State Health Access Data Assistance Center examines the United States opioid crisis, analyzing trends in overdose deaths from heroin and other opioids, such as prescription painkillers. Using vital statistics data, it also looks at differences in opioid deaths by age, sex, race/ethnicity and urbanization.

This is a report from the National Interoperability Collaborative (NIC) that provides eleven recommendations targeted at preventing opioid use disorder (OUD) overdose death. Several of these include addressing trauma, cutting down on the supply of prescription and illicit opioids, and treating OUD in the criminal justice system.

Each recommendation is followed by examples already implemented and helpful resources. The overall aim of the report is to encourage communities to move upstream in their response to the opioid crisis. 

This academic paper provides an overview of the evolution of the opioid crisis framed as an epidemic of opioid addiction through overprescribing. Prevention strategies are discussed across three levels: preventing new cases of opioid addiction (primary prevention), identifying early cases of opioid addiction (secondary prevention), and ensuring access to effective addiction treatment (tertiary prevention).

This is a 2015 report compiled by a multidisciplinary team focused on addressing the opioid crisis using three guiding principles: informing action with evidence, intervening comprehensively, and promoting appropriate and safe use of prescription opioids.